SQ p. 5601:
"...He died on September 28, 1918, in France, during the closing daysof World War I."

April is (1/2002) a student at Jacksonville State University inJacksonville, Alabama, majoring in home economics.

See GARDINER, Vol. 1 (op.cit), pg. 98:
"Ann Gardiner, born 1776 in Prince George's County, Maryland; died 2September, 1870 in Louisville Kentucky. She married 16 July, 1798, inMattawoman Church, Townshend, Maryland, Edward Jenkins, son of JohnJenkins and Elizabeth Luckett. Ann Gardiner did not have a very easylife. After settling in Kentucky under conditions much more demandingthan her
comfortable life in Prince George's County, Maryland, she raised alarge family without the help of her husband who died when theyoungest was only one year old. But family ties and support werenever lacking in those days, which enabled them to endure whateverlife dished out to them. In spite of her early hardships in life, shelived to be 94!"

See notes of her husband, Edward for quotes from "Thomas Jenkins ofMaryland, 1670."

(Again I find that Thomas Richard Gardiner is inaccurate, in this caseregarding the place of the marriage of Ann Nancy Gardiner and EdwardJenkins. Several independant sources place the site of this marriageincluding the Marriage Records of Nelson County and Father Jenkinsbook, Thomas Jenkins of Maryland, 1670. They were married by a priestin Bardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky, not the Mattawoman Church inMaryland.)

.see Gardiner book, p 47

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol. I, pg 48, op.cit.:
"Anne Gardiner (of Clement, of LUke, of Luke, of Richard, of Thoma s,of
William, of William, of Wyllyam) born 1720 in St. Mary's County, Maryland.
She married 1740, in Charles County, Maryland, Richard Basil Boarman ,son
of Benedict Leonard Boarman and Ann Brooke."

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg. 95:
"Charlotte Gardiner..became a member of the Sisters of Charity at
Nazareth, Kentucky, and for most of her religious life, remained at Nazareth,
teaching female students and (carrying out) other responsibilities i nthe
community. She is buried in the Nazareth Cemetary with many other nuns
with family names which occur in great frequency in this book."

!NOTES:
In his last will, her father referred to her as Christina Miles.

.
!NOTES: Gardiner, Vol I., Gardiner Generations, pps 34-35

COURT RECORDS:
See ABSTRACT OF WILLS NELSON COUNTY, KENTUCKY 1785-1820, LDS 976.9 495P28n, Will Book C, p. 546:
"Will of Clement Gardiner, decd. Five acres where the Roman Chapelstands to Bishop Flaget. Wife Henrietta to have all the rest of theestate during her lifetime and then to be equally divided among myseven children:
Francis, Theodore, Mary Smith, Nelly Spaulding, Ann Jenkins, ChristinaMiles and to children of decd. son Joseph: Harriott, Sharlotte,Elizabeth , Maria, Wenny, Ann & Joseph Gardiner, the last three bysecond wife. Son Ignatius to have $1,000. Exec: wife Henrietta,son-in-law James Spalding and son Francis Gardiner. Written October15, 1817, probated 15 December, 1817.
Witnesses: Samuel Overton, Ignatius Bowles and Ralph Hagan.
Notice that he mentions his seven children and those named as sharingequally in the estate including his deceased son total seven. Then hementions "Son Ignatius" with a specific cash bequest.
See also Book B, p. 41 for list of the assets in the Estate of ClementGardiner valued at $4,754.12 1/2 including 11 slaves.
Clement's name appears again on page 32 of the Abstract of Wills:
"Pg. 338 (of court records of Nelson County, KY) Sale of the personalproperty of Joseph J. Gardiner, decd., by Catherine Gardiner, adm.Total L97 3sh 9p. Recorded 16 Dec. 1811. Buyers; Francis, Catherine,Clem & Theodore Gardiner."

PUBLICATION:
CATHOLIC FAMILIES OF SOUTHERN MARYLAND by Timothy J. O'Rourke, pg . 71
includes a list of the Subscribers to the Oaths of Allegiance, St.Mary's County, Maryland, 1778 and lists Clement Gardiner and JosephGardiner.
HISTORY OF ST. MARY'S COUNTY, MARYLAND BY REGINA HAMMETT; FHL 975.241H2hrc pg. 92 and 93 relates a story concerning migration fromMaryland to Kentucky and describes a group led by Clement Gardiner andHenrietta Boone Gardiner "(purported to be a descendant of DanielBoone)" [see below**] to the Cox Creek Settlement, later calledFairfield. Included are the names of thirty-seven of the men whoaccompanied the Gardiners together with their families.
Authority cited is Russell R. Menard, "Economy and Society in EarlyColonial Maryland", (Ph. D. Dissertation, The University of Iowa, 1975) pg. 90. **(Apparently, Henrietta Boone Gardiner was not arelative of Daniel Boone. See her notes for comment.)
See also GARDINER GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS Vol. 1, by Thomas Richa rdGardiner, 1991; pg 54:
"Clement Gardiner, born 1742 in Indian Fields, Townshend, Maryland ;died 6 Nov 1817 in Fairfield, Nelson County, KY. He married 1769 inPrince Georges County, MD to Henrietta Boone. Clement Gardiner, sonof Ignatius Gardiner and Ann Edelen, was a Private No. 1168 in JohnThomas' Company of the Twelfth Batallion of the Charles CountyMilitia, during the War of Independence. He was living just over thecounty line in Prince Georges County at the time of his enlistment andperhaps was more familiar with the members of the Charles CountyMilitia.
In his will dated 15 Oct 1817, he named all of his children by name,except son Henry, who had died in the Trappist Monastery some tenyears before. He also names his daughters by their married name andalso named his wife, Henrietta, his eldest son Joseph, who hadpredeceased him. The Federal Census of 1790 shows Clement and hisfamily living in Prince Georges County, Maryland.
By 1792, Clement Gardiner and his wife Henrietta traversed theApplachian Mountains and barged their way down the Ohio River, withtheir family, and worked their was to make settlement at Cox's Creekalong with more than twenty families made up of friends, and relatives. The exact route of migration has never been determined but accountsrendered by letters to families remaining in Maryland described theirhardships crossing the mountains as well as barging down the OhioRiver.
Sister Mary Louise Donnelly in her book, CRAYCROFTS OF MARYLAND ANDKENTUCKY KIN states that as early as 1792, St. Michael's parish hadits start in a spacious room in the home of Clement Gardiner, inFairfield, KY.
It appears that some of the oldest daughters made their way back toMaryland and married during the mid-nineties, or else they remained inMaryland to choose their husbands before making their decision to joinClement and Henrietta in Kentucky.
THE CENTENARY OF CATHOLICITY IN KENTUCKY by Webb describes Clement andHenrietta's devotion toward establishing the Catholic Church in theircommunity. Clement donated five acres of land in what is now the townof Fairfield where the beautiful brick church of St. Michael's nowstands, to Bishop Flaget and Henrietta donated 300 acres to theSisters of Loretto, on which to establish a school for girls. Theirson Harry, became a Trappist Monk but died within a year of his finalacceptance into the Order."

.
!NOTES:
GARDINER GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS, Vol. 1, pg 34: "Elizabeth Gardiner was born in 1682 in St. Johns, Chaptico, Maryland. She marrie d(1) 1701, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, James Brooke; she marrie d(2) before april 1703, in Prince George's County, Maryland, Willia mJoseph; she married (3) before April 1717, in Prince George's Count y,Maryland, Edmond Major. Elizabeth Gardiner experienced a very tra giclife. After losing her mother at a very early age, she lost tw ohusbands by death in her early adult life and her third husband, Edmund Major, squandered all her wealth and then left her, with two o fhis young children, returning to England where he remained incognito."

see gardiner v II, Boarman p 14 stating she married William Boarman,
son of William Boarman and Winifred Edelen.

see gardiner p 113

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg 95:
"Elizabeth Gardiner, youngest child of Joseph J. Gardiner and Winifred
Hamilton, became a member of the Sisters of Charity and was known as
Mother Francis, who followed Mother Catherine Spalding as Superior at
Nazareth. She was living at the time of the US Census of 1850. Alongwith
her sisters, Harriet and Charlotte, she was among the first nunsentering
the Order at Nazareth, founded by Mother Catherine Spalding."
It could be noted that, while Mother Catherine Spalding was notrelated
to Mother Francis (Elizabeth Gardiner), Catherine was the thirdcousin,
fifth removed of James J. Sparks, and Elizabeth was his first cousin ,fifth
removed.

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I., pg 214:
"Emilia Ann Gardiner, born 4 Mar 1821 in Pleasant Hill, Gallant Green,
Maryland; died 3 august, 1877 in "Retirement", Ripley, Maryland. Sh emarried
on 16 January, 1844, in St. Mary's Church, Bryantown, Maryland, Joh nWilliam
Jenkins. Emilia Ann Gardiner is buried beside her husband, John W. Jenkins
in St. Joseph's Cemetery, Pomfret, Maryland. The inscription on he rstone
reads, "Emily A. Gardiner, his wife, died 3 Aug 1877 in the 56th yea rof her
age." The baptismal register at St. Mary's Church, Bryantown, give sa date
of 4 March 1820 as her birth and 20 April 1820 as the date of her baptism,
resulting in a discrepancy of dates. There is no doubt that Emily and Emilia
are one and the same person."
See THOMAS JENKINS OF MARYLAND, 1670, pg 302 for reference to thi smarriage
and pg. 104 for notes on John W. Jenkins (see his notes for content).

.

!NOTES:
In the record of MARRIAGE BONDS OF NELSON COUNTY, KY., 1785-1832 , wefind:
"GARDINER, FRANCIS married ANNA SMYTH, both over the age of 21 years .License
January 1, 1805. Surety: EDWARD JENKINS."
Thus it is likely that this record refers to the brother of Ann Na ncy
(Gardiner) Jenkins whose spouse, Edward Jenkins, acted as surety.

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I., pg 95:
"Harriet Gardiner, born 1796 in Prince Georges County, Maryland; d ied
19 June 1826 in Convent Home, Vincennes, Indiana. Harriet Gardiner,
eldest daughter of Joseph J. Gardiner and Winifred Hamilton, entere dthe
Order of The Sisters of Charity at Nazareth, Kentucky, about 1815. About
1822 she removed to Vincennes, Indiana, with other nuns and established a
convent along the Wabash River. She was known as the Mother Superio rat
this location for about four years before she succumbed to a respiratory
infection in 1826. Although she is believed to be buried at this location,
her name is inscribed on a beautiful monument, along with other mos trevered
Sisters of Charity, which is located in the center of the burial ground at the
mother convent at Nazareth, Kentucky."

.
!NOTE:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg 33, where Thomas Richard Gardiner speculat es
that Richard Gardiner is the wife of Constance --- and that their son
was Henry Gardiner.
It is speculation that Henry Gardiner is a son of Ann Edelen Gardin er
and the brother of Ignatius Gardiner. It is based primarily on the fact
that Ignatius married Ann Boarman and Henry Married Catherine Boarman, her
sister. At this writing (4/95) I do not have the name of their father.

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg 64:
"Henry Gardiner, born 1747 in St. Mary's County, Maryland; die d 3 Mar
1803 in Tudor Hall, Gallant Green, Maryland. He married 1772, in Bryantown,
Charles County, Maryland, Catherine Boarman. Henry Gardiner receive dthe
dwelling place of his father, Richard Gardiner, known as Tudor Hall ,(at
Gallant Green, St. Mary's County) where he raised his family. He wa ssent
abroad at approximately fifteen years of age, to be educated at St. Omers
in Leige, Belgium, as the records show a Henry Gardiner from Maryland
matriculated there in 1761. Henry Gardiner made his will on 14 July ,1802
which was probated in Charles County 25 March 1803, in which he name sfour
sons and two daughters. Richard Benedict (Gardiner) was named executor
which he declined, in favor of his younger brother James."

gardiner book p 32

See THOMAS JENKINS OF MARYLAND 1670 by Edward Felix Jenkins, O.S.A .page 47 in re Edward Jenkins, RIN 69: "Born in Charles County(Maryland ) about 1765, he (Edward Jenkins) emigrated to Kentuckywhere on July 16, 1798, he married in Bardstown, Kentucky, by FatherBadin, Ann (Nancy) Gardiner , who was baptised in Charles County,August 2, 1776. Ann was the daughter of Clement (1748-1820) andHenrietta (Boone) (1750-1830) Gardiner. Clement was the son ofIgnatius Gardiner and his wife, Ann Boarman. (Citing The MarylandSemmes and Kindred Families, by Harry Wright Newman, published by theMaryland Historical Society, 1956.)" But see Descendants of WyllyamGardynyr by Thomas Richard Gardiner, below. Because of doubtsexpressed by Thomas Richard Gardiner in reaching his conclusion thatIgnatius married Anne Edelen, and since both Jenkins and Newmanbelieve his wife was Ann Boarman, I am inclined to accept the latterconclusion. However, the World Family Tree by Family Tree Maker, Vol1, files 3282 & 3052 show Anne Edelen the spouse of Ignatius Gardiner. She was born Sept 2, 1710 and died Feb 21, 1778. It indicates thatthey were married before 1742. She was the daughter of ChristopherEdelen (1683-1771) and Jane Jones (1690-1770).

There is mention of Clement Gardiner in THE BOONE FAMILY, descendantsof George and Mary Boone who came to America in 1717, compiled byHazel Aterbury Spraker, pub. Genealogical Publishing Co. See p 620:"Henrietta Boone married Clement Gardiner, born 1748, died 1819-1820 ,a brother of Jean (Gardiner) Boone." Citing COLONIAL FAMILIES OF THEUNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Geo. N. McKenzie, Vol IV, p. 445.Apparently, Henrietta was not related to Daniel Boone.

See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS Vol I, by Thomas RichardGardiner at pps 37-39:

"Ignatius Gardiner born 1701/1711 in Warburton Manor, Piscataway ,Maryland; died 1777 in Carnavon, Bryantown, Charles County, Maryland.He married in 1730, in Piscataway, Princes Georges County, Maryland,Anne Edelen, daughter of Christopher Edelen and of Jane Jones. Thereseems to be no document to prove the mother of Ignatius Gardiner orthe date of his birth. I have named Anne Craycroft as the probablemother but there is a strong possibility that Luke Gardiner's firstwife, Ann Pile, could be the mother of Ignatius. Ignatius Gardiner'swife is believed to be Ann Edelen, daughter of Jane Jones andChristopher Edelen; the main source of doubt lies with the will ofIgnatius Gardiner (1777) being recorded under the name of Garnerinstead of Gardiner, as well as other documents of that period...Sometime prior to his death, Luke Gardiner paid to William and MarthaFarthing , Innholders of St. Marys City, eighty pounds Sterling, inhand to bind the conveyance of a tract of 790 acres of land in CharlesCounty to his son, Ignatius Gardiner when he became of age, or to hisGuardian to be held in abeyance for his use.

"It is my guess that this tract was later named Farthings Pennyworth,to remind them that it was "worth every penny", or in other words, avery good deal. This tract, located next to Carnavon, was undevelopedand rather than pay taxes on it until Ignatius became of age, they mayhave conveyed it before Ignatius actually became of age, as a recorddated 5 Jun 1722 seems to have completed the transaction.

"The following children of Ignatius and Ann, inherited parts ofFarthings Pennyworth from the estate of Ignatius: Clement 180 acres,John 180 acres, Richard 180 acres and Ignatius 320 acres.

"Luke Gardiner, a few months before he died, arranged with BenjaminWheeler of Baltimore County to have a tract of 537 acres, by warrant ,to be set aside for his sons, Ignatius and Richard, known as "Father'sRequest." This tract was held by them until 1742 when it was conveyedto John Lyon for 143-5 lbs. Sterling.

"Ignatius and Ann appeared to have remained in Prince Georges Countyuntil the late 1740's on a tract called Indian Fields just across theMattawoman Swamp from the intersection of Acton Lane and Route 301about 1.5 miles north of Waldorf, Maryland. This land was morerecently owned by Gwynn Gardiner, a direct descendant of Ignatius andAnn.

See CATHOLIC FAMILIES OF SOUTHERN MARYLAND by Fr. Timothy J. O'Rourke,at pg. 75 a list of Subscribers to the Oaths of Allegiance, St. Mary'sCounty, Maryland, 1778 which includes Clement Gardiner and JohnGardiner.

MISC:
In FHL 844961 pg 83 is a summary of the last will of John Gardiner ofCharles County, Md. (Will Book 33, p.111). It appoints EdwardBoarman, Sr. as executor. It names as his two daughters Mary Gardinerand Monica Gardiner. Witnesss were Thomas Bowling Jr. and HenryBoarman.

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol. I, pg. 116:
"James Gardiner, born 1 May 1779, in Todor Hall, Gallant Green, Maryland.
He died 3 December, 1832, in Pleasant Hill, Gallant Green. He married (1)
1803 in St. Mary's Church, Bryantown, Maryland, Sarah Dyer, daughte rof George
Dyer and Sarah Clarkson; he married (2) 17 May, 1808, in St. Mary's Church,
Bryantown, Maryland, Ann Pamelia Dyer, daughter of Jeremiah Dyer an dLucy
Audrey (Ordrie) Smith by whom he had nine children. James Gardiner was the
executor of his father's will, making his bond on 26 March, 1803. About the
time of his second marriage, he acquired a large tract of land alon gthe
southern boundary of Tudor Hall named Poplar Hill, which he later named
Pleasant Hill, where he raised his family."

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pps 42-43:
"Jane Gardiner, born 1715 in Warburton Manor, Piscataway, Prince George's
County, Maryland; died 22 November, 1793 in Lanterman, Bryantown, Charles
County, Maryland. she married 1734, in Piscataway, Philip Edelen, son of
Richard Edelen and Sarah Hagoe (Hagan). Jane left a will under the name of
Edelen, dated 9 December, 1790 and proved 2 December, 1793, in whic hshe named
her children, Sarah and Richard Edelen, and married daughters, Anne Semmes,
Mary Boarman and Elizabeth Reeves, plus three granddaughters, Elizabeth and
Jane Boarman, and Rachael Gardiner. Jane Gardiner's mother, Ann Craycroft,
widow of Luke Gardiner, married as her second husband, Richard Edelen, father
of Philip Edelen, husband of Jane Gardiner. This was a case of a widow and
her daughter marrying a widower and his son. The younger couple actually
married first, followed by the senior couple a year or two later.
"Jane bequeathed her dwelling house on a portion of Boarman's Mano rto
the St. Mary's Catholic Church in Bryantown and 1,000 pounds of tobacco to
the Catholic Clergy of Charles County, appointing her son Richard an dson-
in-law, Charles Boarman, the executors.
"Her personal effects were appraised on 9 December, 1793, at 591 pounds,
2 shillings, and 2 1/2 pence. Edward Semmes and Thomas C. Reeves signed
as next of kin and received disbursements "in right of their wives" ,as
daughters of Jane. Thomas Courtney Reeves and his wife, Elizabeth Edelen,
willed their farm, located on the south side of Mattawoman Creek in Charles
County to St. Peter's Church. They were buried in the family plot i nOld
St. Peter's Cemetary at the intersection of route 382 and Gardiner Road,
near Beantown."

.

!NOTE:
See note under Ignatius Gardiner (130) to the effect that Jean Gardiner
also married a Boone.

.
see gardiner book p 25
!NOTES:
A brother of Richard Gardiner (?-1687) was John Gardiner (?-1683) who
married Elizabeth Hussey. His testamentary proceeds are found in records of St.
Mary's County in Book 13, ff73, 405. His wife later married Samuel Luckett by
1686.

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg 29:
"John Gardiner, born 1683 in Hillie Lea, Chaptico, Maryland, die d1717
in St. Mary's County, Maryland. He married (1) about June 1704, in St.
Mary's County, Maryland, Susanna Barton; he married (2) 1710 in Boarman's
Manor, Bryantown, Charles County, Maryland, Mary Boarman, daughter of
William Boarman and Mary Jarboe. John Gardiner made his will, 13 Oct,
1717, which was probated in St. Mary's County, 9 Dec, 1717. In thi swill
he named his nine children of two marriages. He also named his second wife,
Mary, as executrix. This will indicated that he was possessed of consider-
able wealth for a person of that time and that he most likely obtained his
wealth by wise management rather than large land holdings."
Testamentary proceedings are found in Book 23, folio 180, St. Mary 'sCounty Records (1717). Bond was filed by his spouse Mary Gardiner ,Executrix with Clement Gardiner as surety on 9 October, 1717. See folio 200 for Mary's
appointment as executrix. (1718)

.
!NOTES: See Gardiner book p 33

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg. 30:
"Joseph Gardiner born 1678 in Oakley, St. Mary's County, Maryhland ;died
15 May 1718, in Charles County, Maryland. He married in 1708 in St .Mary's
County, Maryland, Elizabeth Cole, daughter of Edward Cole and Elizabeth
Slye. The will of Joseph Gardiner of Charles County, dated 9 March ,1717,
names wife Elizabeth and four sons. We cannot find the parents of this Joseph
but feel strongly that he is the son of John Gardiner and Elizabeth Hussey.
The other remaining possibility is that he is the son of Richard Gardiner
and Margaret Mainwaring but he would have been born near the upper limits of
her child bearing years. Elizabeth Hussey had two brothers, Samuel and Ben-
jamin, which causes me to go with this family as stated. The will o fWilliam
Boarman Sr., dated 16 May 1708 and probated in Charles County, Maryland on
17 June 1709, states as follows: "Unto my two daughters, clara and Mary,
a tract of land whereon Joseph Gardiner now lives, whereupon it bein gthat
part of the Manor of about 400 to 500 acres". The manor mentioned i nthe
will was undoubtedly Boarman Manor near Bryantown in Charles County ,and
that it implies Joseph Gardiner was occupying and working that trac tor part
of the Manor which he left to his daughters, Clara and Mary. Joseph
Gardiner's will, probated in Charles County, Maryland 10 June 1718 names his
wife Elizabeth and four sons, Benjamin, Samuel, Ralph and Luke and the only
record I can find of a Joseph Gardiner of that time frame.
It is believed that Howard Gardiner, who settled in what is now kn ownas
Chester County, PA. (then within the Maryland charter) was a brothe rof
Joseph who had been helped by Joseph in his move to settle in the disputed
area. Their children were Benjamin b 1709, Samuel b. 1711, Ralph b .1714,
and Luke b. 1717."

.
!NOTES:
See MARRIAGE BONDS FOR NELSON COUNTY, KY., 1785-1832, for:
"JOSEPH I. GARDINER married CATHERINE ELDER, April 16, 1801. Surety :Edward
Jenkins."
Undoubtedly this record refers to this Joseph Gardiner, brother o fAnn
Nancy (Gardiner) Jenkins, whose husband Edward acted as Surety for her brother
and his bride. Edward Jenkins also acted as surety for Joseph's brother
Francis Gardiner at his marriage in 1805 to Anna Smyth.
See will of his father probated in 1817 (notes of Clement Gardiner )for
mention of previous death of Joseph and bequests to his children (spelled as in
will): Harriott, Sharlotte, Elizabeth, Maria, Wenny, Ann and Joseph Gardiner,
the last three by his second wife. Apparently Joseph's first wife died sometime
prior to 1801 after having given birth to four children. Joseph then
married Catherine Elder, had three more children and died before hi sfather.
See also GARDINER, (op.cit) Vol I, pg 94 for the following:
"Joseph Gardiner was born in 1770 in Bryantown, Charles County, Maryland
and died 30 November, 1810 in Fairfield, Nelson County, Kentucky. H emarried
(1) 16 January 1795, in Mattawoman Church, Townshend, Maryland, Winifred
Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton and Mary Ann Coombs; he marrie d(2)
20 April, 1801, in Fairfield, Nelson County, Kentucky, Catherine Elder.
When Joseph J. Gardiner was born his parents were enumerated in the census of
the Bryantown parish. They may have been living on the Boone famil yfarm
about three miles north of Bryantown on what is now Route 382. He had four
children from his marriage to Winifred Hamilton of Prince George's County:
Harriot, Lucretia, Charlotte and Elizabeth. He had three children from his
marriage to Catherine Elder: Maria, Winifred Ann and Joseph Gardiner. Only
six children were named in Clement Gardiner's will of 1817, as Lucretia
apparently was deceased before that date."

see Gardiner Vol 1 118

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS by Thomas Richard Gardiner ,Volume I, pg 26:
"Luke Gardiner (Luke, Richard, Thomas, William, William, Wyllyam )born 1657 in Canoe Neck, Oakley, St. Mary's County, Maryland. Hemarried (1) 1682, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, Monica Turner, andmarried (2) 7 October, 1690, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, Elizabeth Slye, daughter of Robert Slye and Susanna Gerard. It was this LukeGardiner in 1692, as sheriff of St. Mary's County, who was commandedby the Puritan Government to lock the Roman Catholic Church in St .Mary's City and to prevent anyone from attending a service therein .The key which Luke Gardiner used to lock the Church was recentlyreturned by a family in Western Maryland to the Archivist, HenryMiller, at St. Mary's City and was displayed at a recent meeting ofthe St . Mary's County Historical Society."

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS, by Thomas Richard Gardine r(1991),
Vol I, pg 27:
"Luke Gardiner, born about Dec 1679 in Hillie Lea, Chaptico, Maryland;
died 1720 in Warburton Manor, Piscataway, Maryland. He married (1) about
1 October 1701, in Newport, Charles County, Maryland, Ann Pile, daughter of
Joseph Pile and Mary Turner; he married (2) May 1708, in Prince George's
County, Maryland, Ann Craycroft, daughter of Ignatius Craycroft and of Sophia
Beedle. This Luke Gardiner, in many respects, was much like his grandfather,
Luke who married Elizabeth Hatton.
First of all, he acquired land at an astounding pace. During hi slifetime
he acquired by inheritance and purchase more than twenty separate an ddistinct properties, totaling about 8,300 acres in five counties an dthe state of Pennsylvania. Like some of the plantation owners of this day he was also Deputy Surveyor, appointed by Clement Hill, Jr. ,(who was) Surveyor General of the Western Shore of Maryland. Thi swas a much sought-after position as it offered adventure and relaxation and almost everyone of any prominence became a surveyor or a military figure at some point in their life.
Besides his land and surveyor's position, for income, Luke owned t wo
water driven Grist mills, one at the head of Chaptico Bay and one a tNewtowne, left to him by his father, Richard. The mill at the hea dof Chaptico Bay may have been included in the swap with his brothe rJohn whereby John received a highly productive plantation named Hillilee from Luke for the
undeveloped but larger, Warburton Manor which had been left to John ,by his
father, Richard. In view of their special interests, each felt tha the had
profited by his exchange.
John was a joiner (carpenter) and a mariner. He owned a merchant vessel
named "The Mary", after his wife Mary Boarman, which he captained o noccasion. While sight-seeing up along the Hudson River one summer , Istopped at Phillipsburg Manor and was delighted at being show n aship's manifest from "The Mary" signed by John Gardiner, ship's o wnerand Captain. The cargo included apples, tobacco, salt fish an d cornmeal. He took on wine, maple syrup, and machined ware.
Luke also owned a merchant ship called "The Provident" which was possibly
the same vessel owned by his grandfather, Luke, who died in 1674. That
vessel sailed from Gardiner's Landing on Chaptico Bay, along with "The
Enterprise" to England with tobacco and dug-out canoes made by the Indians
in Luke's canoe-building operation along Canoe Neck Creek. The ship sre-
turned laden with manufactured goods including farming and carpenter's
tools, linens, clothing, musical instruments, works of art and books.
Luke can best be remembered for completing the magnificant mansio n on
Warburton Manor after which the White House was designed. (JS: Other
versions claim that James Hoban, the designer of the White House, wa sfrom
Ireland and based his design on an Irish residence.) The tour guide sto
the White House will tell you that it was designed by an Irishman i nthe
employ of L'Enfant, and was patterned after a mansion in Dublin. Bu tit
is interesting to note that L'Enfant lifed in the Warburton Manor House
for seven years while he laid out the city of Washington, and the designer
of the White House lived there with him. I once had the privledge to
view an old painting of Warburton Manor House and it looked identica lto
the White House after its restoration following the War of 1812. Neither
were considered to be beautiful on the outside but thwy were both magnif-
icent on the interior, with large hallways and winding stairs and generous
windows, doorways and fireplaces.
While the Diggs family owned Warburton Manor, they had many famou sguests
among whom were George and Martha Washington, James and Dolly Madison, and
Washington Irving, the author of Sleepy Hollow. I learned this las tbit of
information when I visited the home of Washington Irving in Westchester
County, New York, about 1973, where I was shown a painting of Warburton
Manor and a letter by Washington Irving concerning the delightful summer
which he experienced at Warburton Manor.
Luke was remembered as a good family man with a way of commandin glove
and respect. Like his grandfather Luke, there are many records of people
referring to him as "my good friend," or "my dear friend Luke". He served
as witness, executor or administrator of many wills and guardian of several
children. Like his grandfather, he provided for the welfare of his children,
even acquiring land for his sons, Ignatius and Richard, a few month sbefore
his death. For Ignatius he arranged for a property in Charles County, later
named Farthing's Pennyworth to pass on to Ignatius when he became o fage.
The Indenture dated 5 June 1722 covering this prearranged deal said in part,
"The said William Maria Farthing, innholder of St. Mary's County, paid in
consideration of Eighty Pounds Sterling to him in hand by Luke Gardiner,
father to ye said Ignatius Gardiner, confirmed, and by these present sdoe
bargaine, sell and confirm unto ye said Ignatius Gardiner, all his claim to
a tract in Charles County called by him Farthing's Pennyworth, of 79 0acres."
This William Maria Farthing was the innholder of Farthing's Ordina ry,a
replica of which now stands in the center of St. Mary's City on the spot
where the original stood.
Luke Gardiner made another land acquisition for his sons from Benjamin
Wheeler, of Baltimore County, a cousin by marriage, in which Benjami nwas
to assign a warrant for 537 acres to Ignatius and Richard Gardiner, of Prince
George's County. On 26 April 1721, about two years after Luke's death, the
Deputy Surveyor of Baltimore County laid out the 537 acres assigned by
Benjamin Wheeler, called "The Father's Request", and the patent for that
tract was issued to them on 10 September 1723. This land was locate din
the prime land area of Baltimore County known as Worthington Valley ,just
north of Baltimore City. His active land dealings and the expense of
building the Warburton Manor House apparently became too great for Luke's
cash flow, and he was forced to put Warburton Manor, Franklin, and the
Barrens up for security and he lost all three in the process to Charles
Carroll of Annapolis, his creditor. It is interesting to note that some
thirty years later, Luke's son Richard, bought the Manor of Truman Place
(500 acres) and The Addition (300 acres) from Charles Carroll of Annapolis
for 350 pounds sterling, in hand. Unlike his grandfather, this Luk ewas
"land poor" when he died. Although he still owned large acreages, because
of ill health, he was allowed to remain at Warburton where he died i n1719
or 1720."

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol. 1, pg.36:
"Luke Gardiner (of Luke, of Luke, of Richard, of Thomas, of Willia metc)
born 1695 in St. John's, Chaptico, Maryland. He married 1723, in Bryantown,
Charles County, Maryland, Mary Boarman, daughter of William Boarman and Mary
Pile. It appears that this Luke Gardiner may have spent his entire life at
St. John's Plantation in Chaptico where he raised a family of eight children.
It is also most likely that this Luke may have been the owner of th esailing
vessel recorded as transporting produce along the east coast and carrying
tobacco to England."
(JS: The marriage of this Luke Gardiner to Mary Boarman is plague dwith inconsistancies. See the notes under William Boarman [2908] .After long research, I have "forced" this marriage which is improbable at best since Mary married Robert Gerard Slye as "Luke Gardiner's widow" even though Robert died in 1733 and Luke didn't die until 1754!! Eventually I hope to straighten this out.)
See Colonial Virginians and Their Maryland Relatives, Norma Tucker ,1994, pg 139 for the date of his death. Ms Tucker shows the deat h ofMary (Boarman) Gardiner at 1720 which would be impossible in vie w ofthe many children she had until 1747.)

See DESCENDANTS OF WYLLYAM GARDNYR, by Thomas Richard Gardiner, Vo l.1, pg 20:

"Captain Luke Gardiner, born 1622, in Woodperry, Oxfordshire, England, died in 1674 in Canoe Neck, Oakley, Maryland. He married 1649 ,in St. Mary's County, Maryland, Elizabeth Hatton, a daughter ofRichard Hatton an d Margaret ---. In a deposition made in 1672, LukeGardiner stated that he was fifty
years of age. The Early Land Patents Liber ABH, folio 60-66 revealthat Luke Gardiner was transported to the Province of Maryland in 1637by Thomas Copley, although he appeared to arrive on the same ship ashis parents and siblings, in 1637. A plausible explanation of thislies in an ordinance, "Condictions of Plantation" by which thos etransporting individuals would be patented 50 acres of land for eachindividual transported, including themselves. It seems probable thatboth Richard Gardiner and Thomas Copley knew these "Condicions" before they applied for a Land Patent, and Richard, knowing that he wasable to qualify for a Plantation for transporting his family, plus twoservants, was willing to allow his friend, Thomas Copley, to take thecredit for transporting Luke. Another explanation of this unusualarrangement may be atributed to a tradition with many English familiesthat the eldest son became the heir and administrator of the familyestate and the next oldest son entered a religious order to become apriest or abbot. Perhaps Luke, during his early age m anifested theseintentions, but later changed his vocation to become a husband andfather. Throughtout his life Luke supported the Catholic faith inmany ways.

"Thomas Copley was a layman alias for the Jesuit priest, Rev. PhilipFisher, according to John Shea in his book on the early Jesuits.Though Maryland was settled by financial backers of the CatholicFaith, it was uncertain that Jesuit priests could conduct religiousservices without fear of reprisals from those of other faiths.(continue at page 21 .)

See also Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Maryland, FrancisBarnum Culver, Vol. II, Genealogical Publishing Co., 1940, 1997; pp.351-2:

"GARDINER, Luke, --- 1674 (Md.) Burgess for St. Mary's County, Md. ,1660-1662, 1671. Lieutenant, St. Mary's County Militia, 1661;Captain, 1664. [Justice, 1661, 1664-ཾ High Sheriff 1672-྆.]"

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I., pg 167:
"Maria E. Gardiner married on 27 Sep 1825, in St. Joseph's, Bardstown,
Kentucky, Thomas Merimee and had Frederick b. 16 Oct 1826; William Joseph
b. 8 Sept 1828; Frances, b. 1832; Miriam b. 1837; George b. 25 Dec 1840;
Anne b 18 Oct 1842 and Robert A. b. 18 Oct 1842; all born in Bardstown."

.
!DEATH:
See UNION COUNTY, KENTUCKY GENEALOGY VOL 4, FHL 976.9885 d2h, pag e63:
"Martha Buckman, d/o Joseph Gardner, w/o John Robert Jenkins, Uniontown,
d Jan 7, 1949, 75 years.

!NOTES:
For more information on this family see GARDINER Vol 1, op.cit.
She is listed first on page 347 as the spouse of John Robert Jenki ns.
She also has her own listing on page 260 as the daughter of Josep h E.
and Martha Josephine (Buckman) Gardiner. John and Martha are secon dcousins
once removed as follows: Their common ancestor is Clement Gardiner:
Clement Gardiner
|
Ann Nancy Gardiner Theodore Gardiner
| |
John R. Jenkins Joseph E. Gardiner
| |
John Thomas Jenkins |
| |
John R. Jenkins----------m--------------Martha Gardiner

.
!NOTES:
See Gardiner book p 26.

see Gardiner book p 48

!NOTES:
In her father's will, he refers to her as Mary Smith.

.
!NOTES: See Gardiner, Vol 1, Gardiner Generations, pg 35.
"Monica Gardiner, born 1716 in St. Mary's County, Maryland; died 1 772in St. Mary's County, Maryland. Monica Gardiner, daughter of Coe mentGardiner and Eleanor Middleton married Richard Brooke of Dela Br ookeManor. They had two daughters, Ann and Clare. When Richard die d in1755, Monica inherited Dela Brooke Manor of 2,000 acres plus ano ther400 acres called Back Land. Daughter Ann Brooke married John Hi ll."

!NOTES:
In his will, her father refers to her as Nelly Spalding.

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS (cited elsewhere) "Richar dGardiner, born 1486 in London, England; died 1548 in London, Englan d.This Richard Gardiner may have been the eldest son of William Gardiner and Helen Tudor. There is no document to prove this assumption. He may have been also the father of Germain Gardiner (b.1505) an dalso of richard, (b.1507) Sargeant at Arms to Henry VIII, who was reported to have been executed for allegedly withholding testimony i nthe trial of Anne Bolyn. Since I am unable to identify this perso nmore fully I have not included him and his two sons definately to b ein the line of descent from William Gardiner and Helen Tudor, although in the book "STEPHEN GARDINER and the Tudor Reaction," the autho rmentioned Germain Gardiner as a nephew of Stephen. In another bi t ofinformation on Germain, he was spoken of as a cousin of Stephen , sothe exact identity of these three individuals is not clear."

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS, Vol I., GARDINER GENERATIO NS,
by Thomas Richard Gardiner, 1991. Pg. 13:
"Lord of Manor Richard Gardiner (of Thomas, of William, of William ,of
Wyllyam), born 29 Apr 1592 in Basing, Peckham, Surrey, England; die d1649
in (see notes). He married 23 Jan 1614, in the old original St. Martin
of the Fields, Roman Catholic Church, in Peckham, Surrey, England, Elizabeth
Hame. This Richard Gardiner is the progenitor of the Maryland Gardiners.
"There is also another record of his marriage to Elizabeth Hame in
Peckham, Surrey, England. This may have been brought about by the laws re-
quiring all marriages to be recorded in the Anglican Church of England.
"It appears that the old St. Martin of the Fields Church may hav estill
been Roman Catholic and therefore may not have met the requirements of the
law. Regarding their death we have very little information to give .In
1645, when Richard Ingall raided the Provence of Maryland, he totall yde-
stroyed St. Richard's Manor House by turning the ship's guns on the house
as he destroyed St. Mary's City. Richard and Elizabeth disappeared from the
records about this time and some of their children had to seek refug ein
Virginia. It is not known for sure whether Richard and Elizabeth were taken
back to England on Ingall's Ship, along with Father Andrew White an dRev.
Philip Fisher or whether they were killed in the destruction of the Manor
House. In searching the records of the Catholic Record Society of London,
I found that a Richard Garnett was executed in 1649 at Tyburn Gate .There
is no proof that this Richard Garnett was our ancestor who assumed that
name when he fled England to settle in the Maryland Colony. If Richard
Gardiner and his wife, Elizabeth Hame, or any of their children wer ekilled
in the destruction of the original St. Richard's Manor House, or if they
died at that time of natural causes, they would have been buried in the
grounds surrounding the Father Andrew White Chapel or the original St.
Cecelia's Church in Chapel Field, in St. Mary's City.
"Richard and Elizabeth left two older daughters, Mary, 22, and J oan,
20, in England and brought with them Richard, age 21, Elizabeth, 19 ,Luke,
15, Julianna, 6, and John, 4. They also brought with them two servants,
Elias Beach, age 23, and Mary Derrick, age 19.
"As one pours over bits of information in an effort to find th e whole
story behind the Gardiner's migration to the Maryland Colony, it becomes
intuitively self-evident that Richard and his family felt that thei rlife
style, religious freedom, and civil rights were severely threatened .Why
else would a man leave the comfort of his family and friends and mak ethree
arduous trips across the ocean seeking the promise of a better life ?Most
assuredly it was this same Richard who was listed among the passengers
of the Mayflower in 1620 and who signed the Mayflower Compact, binding his
investment to their survival. And it was this same Richard who was among
those hearty Adventurers who challenged the cold and rocky shores o fAvalon
(Newfoundland) in 1628, in support of Lord Baltimore's first attemp tin
founding a Colony where liberty and freedom were to be given top priority."
Richard Gardiner was formerly known as Richard Garnett, an alias h eused, probably to avoid persecution as a Roman Catholic. See The Flowering of the Maryland Platinate by Harry Wright Newman, Genealogical Publishing Co. 1985.

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS by Thomas Richard Gardiner ,Vol I,
pg 23-25:
"Richard Gardiner, son of Luke Gardiner and Elizabeth (Hatton) Gardiner
was born 1650 in Canoe Neck, Oakley, St. Mary's County, Maryland, an ddied1 Nov 1687 in London England. He married 1677, in Rappahanoc kCounty, Virginia, Elizabeth Weire, daughter of Maj. John Wiere an dHonoria Jones. Records show that his mother entered the Maryland Colony in May, 1649 by way of Virginia along with her mother, four sisters and Uncle Thomas Hatton who was to assume the office of Provincial Secretary upon his arrival.
"Honoria --- married (1) Peter Jones by whom she had one daughter ,Margaret. Honoria (---) Jones married (2) Capt. John Wiere by who mshe had two children, Elizabeth and John Wiere, Jr. Honoria marrie d(3) George Jones, a younger brother of her first husband.
"With the huge tracts of land which he inherited from the estate o fCaptain John Wiere, plus the rather large areas he acquired himself ,Richard Gardiner became one of the largest non-proprietary landowne rswithin the early colonies. Being the third generation to hold a s eatin the Provincial Council he was one in a rare group of men to ho ldthat distinction anywhere in the early colonies.
"He also held many other offices, i.e.: County Coroner, Commission erwith
"administrative duties concerning the Ports and Towns", Justice, an dnumerous
other positions of a voluntary nature. He has been credited with designing
the original State House in St. Mary's City, erected in 1676. With his step-
father Clement Hill, he acquired 1400 acres of land on the southeasteren
branch of the Potomac River, now known as the anacostia River, overlooking
the nation's Capitol. He also acquired equal acreage on the Gunpowder River
as it flows into Chesapeake Bay, on which Edgewood Arsenal is now located,
plus 1400 acres of land at the head of the Northwestern branch of th ePatux-
ent River.
"On 12 May 1680, Richard Gardiner claimed rights of land ownershi pfor
bringing into the Maryland Colony, from Virginia, "his wife, Elizabeth,
himself, five servants and others". If he had been more specific, "others"
might have included his oldest son, Luke, if not John. During his short
life span he was in possession of four distinct dwelling places, wit has
many as three concurrently; the Wiere Homestead in Old Rappahannoc kCounty,
the six thousand acre tract located where Route 301 now crosses the Rappa-
hannock River, Hillie Lee in St. Mary's County, and Warburton Manor on the
mouth of the Piscataway Creek and Potomac River. It was at this mos tmag-
nificant location of all that he began construction of the huge mansion,
after which the White House was ulltimately designed. This impressive home
was probably completed by his son, Luke and was occupied by the Gardiner and
Digges families until it was used as Bachelor's Officer's Quarters, Fort
Washington, during the War of 1812.
"On page 54 of Volume XIII of the Maryland Archives, there is a rather brief account of Richard's death. "A message arrived when the Lower House was assembled in the afternoon of 14 November 1687 statin gthat Richard Gardiner, age 38, brother of Luke Gardiner, now a memb erof the Assembly, had recently died." On further investigation i t waslearned that he had died in England. The cause of death was no tgiven, but he could have been seeking medical treatment for an illness, or he could have died by some accident or by some foul means. In the settlement of his estate, a disbursement of 15 pounds Sterlin gwas listed for the passage of his widow and maid. It gives no insight into whether this passage covered their return to the Maryland Colony after being with him in England or whether it was to pay their passage to England to attend his funeral. Another disbursement was made in 1696, while his estate was still in settlement, for clothing and supplies for his young brother, Thomas Gardiner, who was attendin gSt. Omer's in Liege on the Continent, in the amount of 20 pounds Sterling, as Richard had been named by
their father Luke, in his will of 1673, to be its Administrator, an dthe
Guardian of Thomas, then a minor.
"Reference was made earlier of Old Rappahanock County in which Sitten-
bourne Parish was located. Major John Wiere was vestryman of this parish
in Rappahanock County in 1665. Without ever changing the location o fthis
parish it had the distinction of being located in seven different counties
of Virginia between its founding and 1722. In 1665 it was located i nRichmond County when that county was organized. Next it was a par tof King George County and later, by a change of county lines, int oWestmoreland County. The parish as it stands today has been in Yor k,Lancaster, Richmond, Rappahanock, Northumberland, Westmoreland, an din 1721 or soon afterwards, Sittenbourne Parish became known as Hanover Parish in King George County. So it can be concluded thata th e6,000 acres of land lying along the Rappahanock River in Virginia which Richard Gardiner inherited from Major John Wiere was likewise located at one time or another in all seven counties listed above."
The following information was taken from a Special Collection, n umber
1138-001-481 in the State Archives, Annapolis, MD.,on Richard Gardiner:
Richard was the son of Luke Gardiner (1622-1674). His brother w asJohn
(? -1683) who married Elizabeth ---
His son John (?-1717) married Mary (? - 1744/45) daughter of Wil liam
Boreman (ca 1630-1709) John's will in Book 14, pg 470 (1771)
See EARLY MANOR AND PLANTATION HOUSES, H. Chandlee Forman, Bodin e andAssociates, Baltimore, 1982, for the following regarding his residence:
"St. Richard's Manor, or Richard's Manor, was built in the late Seventeenth Century on 1,000 acres surveyed in 1640 for Richard Gardiner. Richard Keene owned the manor between 1653 and 1675. The house i smuch larger than it appears. (See photo.)

See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS, Vol. 1, Thomas Richard Gardiner, pub by Thomas R. Gardiner, Leonardtown, Maryland; pg 41:
"Richard Gardiner was born in 1712 in Warburton Manor, Piscataway ,Maryland. He died on 4 July 1784 in Tudor Hall, Gallant Green, Maryland. He married (1) in 1746, in Wollaston Manor, Cobb Neck, Maryland, Mary Ann Neale, daughter of Henry Neale and of Mary Gardiner; an dmarried (2) in 1750, in Boarman's Manor, Bryantown, Maryland, Catherine Boarman, daughter of Benedict Leonard Boarman and Ann Brooke. In 1759, Richard Gardiner purchased "The Manor of Trueman Place", on the road running between Hughesville and Gallant Green, from Charles Carroll of Annapolis, for 350 pounds sterling, in hand. This purchas eincluded the original Manor House which was later restored and increased in size to a full two story home, with 500 acres of land. Fortune shown on this family for several decades and Richard and his son simproved and added to their land holdings until they combined, owne dover 5,000 acres of land in the Gallant Green area. The Manor of Trueman Place was renamed by the Gardiner family as "Tudor Hall". About this same time, Richard's cousin, susanna Gardiner was married t oPhillip Key and the Key family home in Leonardtown was also named "Tudor Hall". This was, by no means, just a coincidence, but to commemorate their ancestor's marriage, Wyllym Gardynyr and Helen Tudor. Richard Gardiner made his will 5 May 1782 which was probated 13 July 1782 in Charles County. The witnesses for this will were Joseph Mudd ,Benjamin Wood and Stafford Taylor."

.
!NOTES:
GARDINER, Vol I, pg 51:
"Richard Gardiner (of Luke, of Luke, of Luke, of Richard, of Thoma s,of
William, of Wyllyam) was born in 1747 in St. John's, Chaptico, Maryland;
he died in 1814 in Nelson County, Kentucky. He married in 1780, in Charles
County, Maryland, Mary E. Boarman, daughter of William Boarman and of
Winifred Edelen. (Note her sister married Mary's brother William) In
depositions made by relatives and others knowledgeable about Richar dGardiner,
we are given names of two wives of Richard. (1) Mary Boarman and (2 )Sarah,
who acknowledged that she married Richard Gardiner in Nelson County ,Ken-
tucky, and lived with him for eleven years. I interpret this to mea nthat she
was with him until he died in 1814. His first wife, Mary Boarman, was
identified in a joint deposition by Henry Burch and Susanna Green, o n22
June, 1829, in Nelson County, Kentucky....Richard Gardiner served i nthe War
of Independence, enlisting 24 April 1778 as a private in Regiment 3
of the Maryland Volunteers, and being discharged as a Sergeant on 1 8January,
1780."

see gardiner p. 114-116.

see Gardiner p. 117-118

He was the Bishop of Winchester.

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol I, pg. 44:
"Susanna Gardiner, born 1705 in Warburton Manor, Piscataway, Maryland;
died before 9 December, 1742 in Tudor Hall, Leonardtown, Maryland .She
married in 1724, In Hillilee, Chaptico, Maryland, Philip Key, abou t 4years
after he arrived in the Maryland Colony from London. Just before her
death, she and Philip Key acquired a grand old plantation home overlooking
Breton Bay which she named "Tudor Hall". Sometime after her death, it
was converted into a full two story home and remains as one of the land-
marks near the center of Leonardtown in St. Mary's County. the nam eof
Tudor Hall was chosen to commemmorate her line of descendancy from the
royal family of Tudors, as she was descended from Helen Tudor by Helen's
marriage to William Gardiner in 1485. Susanna Gardiner and her husband
Philip Key are the great-grandparents of Francis Scott Key who composed
our National Anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner", while being held a prisoner
aboard a British man-of-war in Baltimore Harbor during the bombardment
of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. They are interred in Chris tChurch
Cemetery in Chaptico, St. Mary's County, in a vault directly agains tthe
outside rear wall of the church."

See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS, Thomas Richard Gardiner , pubby Thomas R. Gardiner, Leonardtown, MD., 1991; pg 6:

"Sir Thomas Gardiner was born 17 march, 1564 in Bermondsey, Surry ,England and died 10 Aug 1632 in Basing, Peckham, Surrey, England . Hemarried 1 Feb 1584, in St. Mary Magdalene Church, Bermondsey, Surrey,England, Ellyn Smyth. Sir Thomas Gardiner wa knighted in 1603 ,according to Burke's Peerage. He was Justice of the Peace of Basingand Peckham, Surrey County, England, and was possessed of two Manorsin Oxfordshire in addition to his manor, "Basing", where he spent mostof his life with his first wife Ellyn Smyth. After she died in 1 617,he married his second wife, Frances Skipwith, daughter of Ralp hSkipwith, Esquire, of Parkbury, Herts. He had no children by thissecond marriage. Sir Thomas Gardiner died 10 August, 1632, and hissecond wife, Frances, was buried 4 Sept 1638, after her stepson,Richard, came to Maryland. (Herts. appears to be the abbreviation forHertfordshire.)

See also BRITISH ROOTS OF MARYLAND FAMILIES, Robert W. Barnes, Gen.Pub. Co., Baltimore, 1999, pp. 203-4.

see Gardiner book p 21-22.

.
!NOTES: See Gardiner, Vol. 1, Gardiner Generations, p 35, who speculates that Thomas Gardiner married Mary Bond.
See Norma Tucker, Colonial Virginians and Their Maryland Rela tives,pg 139, who speculates that his real name was Thomas Garnett , Esq.who married (1st) a daughter of Charles Tilden of Kent County , MD.,and (2nd) maargaret "Peggy" Miskill in Richmond, VA.

.

!NOTES:
See Gardiner, pg. 209.

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS by Thomas Richard Gardiner ,1991, Leonardtown, Maryland, Vol I, pg. 1:
"Wyllyam Gardynyr, was born about 1450 in Midlands, Oxfordshire, England; he died in 1495 in The Bank, Surrey, England. He married i n1485, in London, England, Helen Tudor, daughter of Jasper Tudor, first cousin to Henry VII, as found on Betham's Genealogical Table DC Xin Guildhall Library, London, England. This William Gardiner actually signed his name "Wyllym Gardynyr" which may indicate that he wa sof Welsh origin as were the Tudors, who spelled their name "Tudur "and "Tewdr" during that period.
"Why William Gardiner was allowed to marry into the Royal Family remains unclear, but historians have hinted that it was because of hi said to Henry VII, then Earl of Richmond, in defeating Richard III , inthe Battle of Bosworth Field, near Leicester, on 22 August, 1485 .Jean Molinet, a Chronicler from Burgundy, covering this battle, described the scene in this manner (taken from the book, THE MAKING O FTHE TUDOR DYNASTY, by Roger Thomas): "During the vigorous hand-to-hand fighting with the axe, sword and pike, both Richard III and Henr yTudor, each surrounded by a vanguard, watched from the sidelines , asafe distance apart. Richard, so confident of victory that he wa swearing his crown, could observe from a higher level along the hillside, that his own personal vanguard was superior to Henry's and decided to end the battle quickly by slaying Henry Tudor.
Sir William Stanley was standing by with an uncommitted force of 3,000 men, ready to rout the loosing side. Richard III spurred his horse and in quick time, with his vanguard, engaged Henry in combat. As Richard went for Henry to deliver his mortal blow, one of Henry's men, a Welsh halberdier, intervened, knocking off Richard's crown, then giving one mighty swing, smashed Richard's helmut into his skull .Seeing that their leader was slain, his vanguard began to withdra wand immediately Sir William Stanley ordered his men after Richard' sfleeing troops, thus ending the battle in Henry's favor.
Richard's crown was recovered from a thornbush and later placed o nthe head of Henry Tudor who then proclaimed himself King of England .This act of slaying Henry's adversary in an otherwise losing situation was the most important single effort in the making of the Tudo rdynasty, and thus allowed the marriage of William Gardiner, believe dto be the Welsh halberdier, to Helen Tudor a few months later.
There has been some dispute as to how a person from the English Midlands could be described as a Welshman by the Burgundy writer, Jea nMolinet, but the solution to the mystery is found in the book itsel fconcerning the number of Sir William Stanley's warriors who, in the ireagerness to give support to Henry, then Earl of Richmond, presse dahead to join forces with Henry as his forces moved through Wales , ontheir way to engage Richard III's army. Jean Molined may have h ad noway of knowing from where the halberdier hailed. Although muc hinformation on him is lacking, this William Gardiner remains as th eearliest member of our Gardiner line from whom I can trace our ancestry on a generational basis, with a great degree of certainty.
William Gardiner and his wife, Helen Tudor, resided on the south b ankof the Thames River just across from the walled city of London, p riorto the establishment of any town, in an area that was then know nsimply as "The Bank". His magnificent home was located somewhere between the more recent towns of Bermondey and Southwalk in the count yof Surrey. He also retained many of his holding in the Midlands ne arOxon Ford, now known as Oxford.
Another member of Sir William Stanley's troops who was a long tim eacquaintance, if not close friend, of William Gardiner, was by name ,Roland Warburton, who was noted for his arrival at Bosworth Field o n21 august, 1485, the eve of the Battle, with money to pay the thre ethousand men under Stanley's command. His arrival in the nick of time, no doubt, did much to lift the morale of the troops, making the mmore eager for action. It would be interesting to know how this man's family name came to be used in naming the Manor at Piscataway Creek and Potomac River which Luke Gardiner received in trade from Luk eBarber for St. Richard's Manor on the Patuxent in 1662, almost tw ohundred years later. Luke Barber had named his Manor, on the northern side of Piscataway Creek in what is now Prince George's County, Maryland, "Barberton Manor." Several years after the trade, Luke Gardiner changed the name to Warburton Manor. Was it to commemorate th eevent at Bosworth Field, some two hundred years before? Intensiv eresearch on my part did not uncover a single document on which I could make such assumption, but somewhere one may exist."

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS, Thomas Richard Gardiner ,Pub. by Thomas R. Gardiner, Leonardtown, Maryland; Vol I, pg 3:
"William Gardiner, born 1488 in London, Lived a while in Hertfordshire, England. He married in 1520, in England, Elizabeth Mitchell .There seems to be only a limited amount of information available o nthis William Gardiner, brother of Steven, Bishop of Winchester. I tis believed that he may have been the presbyter at Canterbury who mSteven Gardiner stopped by to visit on one of his trips back from France (see notes for Steven). It was also brought to the attention of those sitting in judgment at the Excommunication Trial of Steven Gardiner, that he had a brother by the name of William, and this William lived for a while in Hertfordshire. William married Elizabeth Mitchell of Yorkshire, and died in Bermondsey, Surrey.
"It is quite probable that William had an older brother since it i san old English custom to name the second son after his father and t heeldest son after the grandfather, which the Gardiner family has followed with remarkable consistancy down through the generations. Th egrandfather could come from either side of the family, as this wa snot followed quite as closely as in the use of the father's name .There was a Richard Gardiner, born about 1486 who was quite promin entin the London area, who may have been an older member of the fami ly,which I have listed as a probability since I can find no other wh owould more easily fit this situation. He was listed in the servic eof Henry VIII as "Seargent at Arms." "

see page 65

.

!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol. I, pps 212-214: William married Mary Ellen Gwy nn,
daughter of William Henry and Rosella Ann (Boone) Gwynn on 24 Nov 1847 and they
had 14 children.

.
!NOTES:
See GARDINER, Vol. I, pg 168:
Winifred Ann Gardiner married 18 Nov 1828, in St. Joseph's Church,
Bardstown, KY William Mcgill and had Charles Henry on 15 Oct 1829,
Joseph David on 7 Oct 1831 and William B. on 9 Mar 1834, all in Bardstown
KY."

See GARDINER, GENERATIONS AND RELATIONS by Thomas Richard Gardiner ,1991, Leonardtown, Maryland, Vol I, pg. 1:

"Wyllyam Gardynyr, was born about 1450 in Midlands, Oxfordshire, England; he died in 1495 in The Bank, Surrey, England. He married in1485, in London, England, Helen Tudor, daughter of Jasper Tudor, firstcousin to Henry VII, as found on Betham's Genealogical Table DC X inGuildhall Library, London, England. This William Gardiner actuallysigned his name "Wyllym Gardynyr" which may indicate that he was ofWelsh origin as were the Tudors, who spelled their name "Tudur " and"Tewdr" during that period.

"Why William Gardiner was allowed to marry into the Royal Familyremains unclear, but historians have hinted that it was because of hisaid to Henry VII, then Earl of Richmond, in defeating Richard III , inthe Battle of Bosworth Field, near Leicester, on 22 August, 1485 .Jean Molinet, a Chronicler from Burgundy, covering this battle,described the scene in this manner (taken from the book, THE MAKING OFTHE TUDOR DYNASTY, by Roger Thomas): "During the vigorous hand-to-handfighting with the axe, sword and pike, both Richard III and HenryTudor, each surrounded by a vanguard, watched from the sidelines, asafe distance apart. Richard, so confident of victory that he waswearing his crown, could observe from a higher level along the hillside, that his own personal vanguard was superior to Henry's anddecided to end the battle quickly by slaying Henry Tudor.

Sir William Stanley was standing by with an uncommitted force of 3,000 men, ready to rout the loosing side. Richard III spurred hishorse and in quick time, with his vanguard, engaged Henry in combat.As Richard went for Henry to deliver his mortal blow, one of Henry'smen, a Welsh halberdier, intervened, knocking off Richard's crown,then giving one mighty swing, smashed Richard's helmut into his skull. Seeing that their leader was slain, his vanguard began to withdrawand immediately Sir William Stanley ordered his men after Richard' sfleeing troops, thus ending the battle in Henry's favor.

Richard's crown was recovered from a thornbush and later placed on thehead of Henry Tudor who then proclaimed himself King of England .This act of slaying Henry's adversary in an otherwise losing situationwas the most important single effort in the making of the Tudordynasty, and thus allowed the marriage of William Gardiner, believedto be the Welsh halberdier, to Helen Tudor a few months later.

There has been some dispute as to how a person from the EnglishMidlands could be described as a Welshman by the Burgundy writer, JeanMolinet, but the solution to the mystery is found in the book itselfconcerning the number of Sir William Stanley's warriors who, in theireagerness to give support to Henry, then Earl of Richmond, pressedahead to join forces with Henry as his forces moved through Wales, ontheir way to engage Richard III's army. Jean Molined may have had noway of knowing from where the halberdier hailed. Although muchinformation on him is lacking, this William Gardiner remains as theearliest member of our Gardiner line from whom I can trace ourancestry on a generational basis, with a great degree of certainty.

William Gardiner and his wife, Helen Tudor, resided on the south bankof the Thames River just across from the walled city of London, priorto the establishment of any town, in an area that was then knownsimply as "The Bank". His magnificent home was located somewherebetween the more recent towns of Bermondey and Southwalk in the countyof Surrey. He also retained many of his holding in the Midlands nearOxon Ford, now known as Oxford.

Another member of Sir William Stanley's troops who was a long timeacquaintance, if not close friend, of William Gardiner, was by name ,Roland Warburton, who was noted for his arrival at Bosworth Field on21 august, 1485, the eve of the Battle, with money to pay the threethousand men under Stanley's command. His arrival in the nick oftime, no doubt, did much to lift the morale of the troops, making themmore eager for action. It would be interesting to know how this man'sfamily name came to be used in naming the Manor at Piscataway Creekand Potomac River which Luke Gardiner received in trade from LukeBarber for St. Richard's Manor on the Patuxent in 1662, almost twohundred years later. Luke Barber had named his Manor, on the northernside of Piscataway Creek in what is now Prince George's County,Maryland, "Barberton Manor." Several years after the trade, LukeGardiner changed the name to Warburton Manor. Was it to commemoratethe event at Bosworth Field, some two hundred years before? Intensiveresearch on my part did not uncover a single document on which I couldmake such assumption, but somewhere one may exist."

The foregoing article is cited with additional authorities in BRITISHROOTS OF MARYLAND FAMILIES, Robert A. Barnes, Gen. Pub. Co.,Baltimore, 1999, pp. 293-4.

Joe Neal Garrett provided a great deal of information concerning thisbranch of the Sparks family including the more recently borndescendants of William Sparks (b.1761) of Salisbury, Rowan County,North Carolina, and his son Richard Sparks (b.1793) of FranklinCounty, Georgia and Texas. As of December, 1999, Joe's email addresswas lgarrett@mastnet.net. I am extremely grateful for hiscontribution to the Sparks Family History. JJS

I wish to express my gratitude to Leland Garton (emailmoviegar47@earthlink.net) for sending all of the information which hehad on this line of the descendants of Jonas Sparks, throughElizabeth (Bryan) Sparks, Mary Bryan Reed, and Samuel Bryan Reed.Much of this information was taken from the bible of William M. Reed,son of Samuel Bryan and Permelia (Shackelford) Reed and from censusrecords. This information was received on May 14, 2001.